Jolivet, André – Chant de Linos pour flûte et piano

Collaborative pianists who want to demonstrate a depth of flute repertory should have this piece under their fingers.  Students in strong flute studios often view this work as a landmark in their own growth and development.  It is also a popular competition piece.  Although a difficult work, it will help one’s repertory list stand out when presented to flute professors.

Tactile Tips

Note – It is recommended to double check all of the accidentals (and lack thereof) in this piece.  Due to the nature of the composition, it is very easy to forget an accidental that previously occurred in a given measure

The only edition currently in use is this one here (or here).

  • Measure Three:  Take the top B in your right hand.  This allows one to better execute the slur that begins in the previous measure and leads to this particular B.
  • Measure Eight:  Playing the final C# of this measure with finger three allows fingers one, two, and five to be available to play the following chord while maintaining legato.
  • Measure Thirty-Five:  Make note of the hand-crossing on the downbeat of this measure.  A proper hand division is written into the score leading up to this hand-crossing, but don’t allow the page turn to create a mental block.
  • Measure Thirty-Six:  Another hand crossing on the downbeat that might catch one by surprise.
  • Measure Forty:  Hand crossing on the downbeat.
  • Measure Forty-One:  Yet another downbeat hand crossing.
  • Measure Fifty-Nine:  A suggested fingering is RH (Chord-1-2-4-1-2-4-1-2), LH (Chord-2-1-4-3-2-1-4-3-2-1-4)
  • Measure Sixty-Two: A suggested fingering is LH (Chord-2-1-5-3-2-1-5-3-2-1)
  • Measure Sixty-Seven:  A suggested fingering places the right hand thumb on the D’s while the left hand plays (Chord-2-1-4-3-2-1-4-3-2-1)
  • Measure Eighty-Five:  Watch your balance here!  You will see a ff marking in the flute part and a sf marking in the accompaniment.  But the flute is in a low register and will sound more on the level of a mp.  Stay beneath this melody!  Allow the rhythmic energy and intensity of the performance to communicate the marked dynamic.  You will impress flautists who are familiar with this spot and the balance problems it creates.
  • Measure 100:  A suggested fingering, beginning on the grace notes, is RH(1-2-3-4-5-4-3-2-1-3-5-4-2-1-2-3-5-3-1-2-3-4-1-2) LH(5-4-3-2-1-2-1-2-5-3-1-2-3-4-5-2-1-2-5-3-2-1-5-1)
  • Measure 104:  A suggested fingering, beginning on the grace notes, is RH(1-2-3-4-5-2-4-1-4-5-1-2-3-5-2-5-2-3-1-5-1-4-1-2) LH(5-4-3-2-1-4-2-5-2-1-4-1-2-1-3-1-3-2-5-1-3-1-5-2)
  • Measure 112:  This is another trouble spot in respect to balance!  See the comment for measure eighty-five above.
  • Measure 122-123:  A suggested fingering for this passage beginning where the triplet-sixteenth notes appear is RH(5-2-4-2-1-2-3-1-3-2-5-2-5-1-2-1-3-2-5-2-1-2-3-1-2-4-3-5) and LH(1-2-1-2-3-4-2-3-2-4-1-3-1-5-2-5-2-3-1-2-1-3-1-5-2-1-2-1)
  • Measure 139: A suggested fingering for the RH is (1-3-2-1-3-1-3-2-1-4-3-2-1-4)
  • Measure 182:  Take the Eb-F-Gb (dotted-quarter, eighth, quarter) in the right hand.  You will strike the right-hand downbeat with fingers 1-2-4-5.
  • Measure 188: A suggested left hand fingering here involves placing the fifth finger on the C and treating the C-Eb-G-A as a repeating group.
  • Measures 215-216:  A suggested fingering for the penultimate run of this piece is RH(1-2-3-4-5-4-3-2-1-2-1-2-3-1-2-3-2-3-5-1-2-3-2-3-4) and LH (5-4-3-2-1-2-3-1-2-3-4-3-1-5-3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-3-2-1)
  • Measures 218-221:  This enormous run that spans three full measures (as well as a fraction of some others) can be fingered like this….(although lengthy, you should still find some benefit in comparing it to your fingerings or imagining playing through the passage until you hit the particular finger you need): RH(2-1-2-3-5-3-2-3-2-1-4-3-2-1-4-3-2-1-4-2-3-2-1-4-2-1-2-4-1-2-3-2-3-5-1-2-3-1-2-3-2-3-5-1-2-3-2-3-5-1-2-3-2-3-5-1-2-3-2-3-4-1-2-4-2-4-5) and LH(2-1-3-2-1-2-3-2-3-4-1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4-1-3-2-3-1-2-3-4-3-2-5-3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-1-3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-3-2-1-4-3-2-4-2-1)

Editions

There is a single edition that everyone uses.  It is published by Alphonse Leduc.  You can see it here or here.

History.....Heracles the murderer

Jolivet started a group known as La Jeune France in the 1930’s.  Messiaen jumped on board. They were getting tired of the fun-and-games coming from Les Six and really weren’t a big fan of the neoclassicism that Stravinsky was pursuing at that time.

Jolivet was constantly trying to connect his music to the idea of primitiveness.  He liked the flute for this purpose because it was, “endowed with life by the breath, man’s deepest emanation.”  (Yes, a lot of instruments are powered by the breath, but we see where he’s going with this…there were types of flutes discovered tens of thousands of years ago…can’t say the same for the harmonica).  Jolivet had already explored the use of the flute in his compositions back in 1935 with his Five Incantations for Flute.  (The fact that his teacher,Edgard Varèse, wrote his Density 21.5 this year must just be a coincidence).  By 1944, Jolivet still holding on to that primitive/ancient obsession of his…  The Chant de Linos was a type of threnody (song or lament to the dead) from Greek antiquity interrupted by wailing and dancing.  (That’s what it says in the score).  And this Linos…  Well, he was the son of Apollo and a muse, so he could really tear it up on the pan flute and the lyre.  He even gave music lessons  to Orpheus.  But he criticized Heracles a bit too much.  Heracles ended up killing Linos with his own lyre.   Getting away from the mythology for a bit, there is a song genre from ancient Greece known as Linos, a type of dirge.

The Chant de Linos was composed as a competition piece for the Paris Conservatory.  One must not forget that although “competition piece” often brings images of the 310,297th Demersseman solo, many landmark compositions originated as competition pieces.  The year before the Chant de Linos was Dutilleux’s Sonatine.  These guys weren’t just phoning it in.

Did You Know?.....If you don't like piano

Not just for flute and piano: Jolivet also scored this work for flute, string trio, and harp.  That score is available here.  This alternate version was created one year after the flute/piano version as a replacement for it.

Where do these sounds come from?:  It has been argued that this work is based on a six-note scale (G, Ab, B, C#, D, F, G) [1. This book page 664]  If someone has taken this ball and ran with it, let me know.  These are the notes that make up the entirety of the first page if you conveniently ignore the c-naturals.

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